@incollection{epos2166,
           month = {September},
          author = {Richar J. Zinno and John B. Gibson and Ray N. Walker and Robert J. Withers},
          series = {SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts},
       booktitle = {SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1998},
           title = {Overview: Cotton Valley Hydraulic Fracture Imaging Project},
       publisher = {Society of Exploration Geophysicists},
           pages = {926--929},
            year = {1998},
             url = {https://episodesplatform.eu/eprints/2166/},
        abstract = {This  paper  describes  an  experiment  to  image  hydraulicfractures   in   the   Cotton   Valley   sands   at   approximately9,500? depth. The purpose is to determine key geometricalattributes  of  those  hydraulic  fractures.  A  pilot  study  usingone  monitor  well  with  a  single  geophone  at  normal  wellspacing and preliminary results from a more detailed studyinvolving  two  monitor  wells  with  arrays  of  geophones  arepresented.In  the  pilot  study,  it  is  shown  that  microseismic  eventsinduced  by  hydraulic  fracturing  at  a  depth  of  9,500?  weredetected  at  distances  exceeding  1,300?  from  the  origin.Analysis of results indicated that a more complex geophonearray  was  necessary.  An  industry  consortium  of  majoroperators,  service  companies,  government  agencies  andnational   laboratories   was   formed   to   perform   a   moredetailed  study  using  96  3-component  geophone  sondesdistributed among two monitor wells. These  monitor wellsoffset  the  treatment  well  using  nominal  80  acre  spacingrules and will be used as producers. A unique microseismicrecording  system  specifically  designed  and  manufacturedfor  these  operating  depths  ({\texttt{\char126}}9,500?)  is  presented.  Imagingis  accomplished  by  using  various  data  analysis  techniquesincluding real-time event location.Applications  of  the  technology  include  optimization  ofhydraulic fracture designs and accurate mapping of fracturegeometry.  Fracture  models  will  be  developed  to  accuratelydepict fracture growth as determined by this project.}
}