%0 Book Section
%A Mäki, Timo
%A Imaña, Marcello
%A Kousa, Jukka
%A Luukas, Jouni
%B Mineral Deposits of Finland
%D 2015
%E Maier, Wolfgang Derek
%E Lahtinen, Raimo
%E O'Brian, Hugh
%F epos:2010
%I Elsevier
%P 507-530
%T The Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi VMS Belt
%U https://episodesplatform.eu/eprints/2010/
%V 7
%X The Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi belt contains the most important volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in  Finland. The volcano-sedimentary host rocks belong to a 1.93–1.92 Ga island arc that occurs along the  northwestern parts of the Raahe-Ladoga shear complex. The stratigraphy in the region is divided into two  units, a lower bimodal volcanic unit conforming to the Pyhäsalmi group and an upper volcano-sedimentary  association defined as the Vihanti group. The U-Pb zircon ages of the two groups are similar.  The Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi belt hosts two large VMS deposits, Pyhäsalmi in the Pyhäsalmi group and Vihanti in  the Vihanti group, as well as a number of small sulfide deposits located around them. The Pyhäsalmi  deposit is hosted by rhyolitic and basaltic volcanic rocks, contains 75.7 Mt of pyritic mineralization grading  0.9% Cu, 1.9% Zn, 0.4 g/t Au, and 14.1 g/t Ag, and hosts the only currently producing mine (2014) in the  belt. The Vihanti mine operated from 1954–1992, producing 28 Mt at 5.12% Zn, 0.48% Cu, 0.36% Pb, 25  ppm Ag, and 0.49 ppm Au. The Vihanti deposit and three minor satellite mineralizations are hosted in a  sequence dominated by intermediate and felsic metavolcanic rocks.