relation: https://episodesplatform.eu/eprints/2010/
title: The Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi VMS Belt
creator: Mäki, Timo
creator: Imaña, Marcello
creator: Kousa, Jukka
creator: Luukas, Jouni
subject: Other-additional study
subject: Pyhäjärvi
subject: Underground mining
description: The Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi belt contains the most important volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in  Finland. The volcano-sedimentary host rocks belong to a 1.93–1.92 Ga island arc that occurs along the  northwestern parts of the Raahe-Ladoga shear complex. The stratigraphy in the region is divided into two  units, a lower bimodal volcanic unit conforming to the Pyhäsalmi group and an upper volcano-sedimentary  association defined as the Vihanti group. The U-Pb zircon ages of the two groups are similar.  The Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi belt hosts two large VMS deposits, Pyhäsalmi in the Pyhäsalmi group and Vihanti in  the Vihanti group, as well as a number of small sulfide deposits located around them. The Pyhäsalmi  deposit is hosted by rhyolitic and basaltic volcanic rocks, contains 75.7 Mt of pyritic mineralization grading  0.9% Cu, 1.9% Zn, 0.4 g/t Au, and 14.1 g/t Ag, and hosts the only currently producing mine (2014) in the  belt. The Vihanti mine operated from 1954–1992, producing 28 Mt at 5.12% Zn, 0.48% Cu, 0.36% Pb, 25  ppm Ag, and 0.49 ppm Au. The Vihanti deposit and three minor satellite mineralizations are hosted in a  sequence dominated by intermediate and felsic metavolcanic rocks.
publisher: Elsevier
contributor: Maier, Wolfgang Derek
contributor: Lahtinen, Raimo
contributor: O'Brian, Hugh
date: 2015
type: Book Section
type: NonPeerReviewed
identifier:   Mäki, Timo and Imaña, Marcello and Kousa, Jukka and Luukas, Jouni  (2015) The Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi VMS Belt.   In:  Mineral Deposits of Finland.   Elsevier, pp. 507-530.  ISBN 978-0-12-410438-9     
relation: http://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-410438-9.00020-0
relation: doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-410438-9.00020-0