@incollection{epos1920, volume = {18B}, month = {July}, author = {Hiroshi Kawase}, booktitle = {International Handbook of Earthquake Engineering Seismology}, editor = {William HK. Lee and Hiroo Kanamori and Paul C Jennings and Carl Kisslinger}, address = {Amsterdam}, title = {Site Effects on Strong Ground Motions}, publisher = {Elsevier}, year = {2003}, pages = {1013--1030}, url = {https://episodesplatform.eu/eprints/1920/}, abstract = {Site effects play a very important role in characterizing seismic ground motions because they may strongly amplify (or deamplify) seismic motions at the last moment just before reaching the surface of the ground or the basement of man-made structures. Because of the high level of amplification caused by site effects, which can be almost two orders of magnitude, we cannot neglect them in engineering practice. The purpose of this chapter is to review the essential aspects of site effects on strong ground motions. ...} }