eprintid: 1523
rev_number: 18
eprint_status: archive
userid: 2
dir: disk0/00/00/15/23
datestamp: 2015-02-11 11:41:15
lastmod: 2017-04-27 07:11:18
status_changed: 2017-04-27 07:11:18
type: book_section
metadata_visibility: show
creators_name: McGarr, Arthur F.
creators_name: Simpson, David
corp_creators: US Geological  Survey, Menlo Park, Calif., USA
corp_creators: The IRIS Consortium, Washington, D.C., USA
title: A broad look at induced and triggered seismicity
ispublished: pub
subjects: SR
subjects: SS
divisions: EPOS-P
full_text_status: none
abstract: In contrast to the poorly-understood processes that control natural tectonic earthquakes, there are numerous better-understood perturbations to the Earth’s upper crust that also result in earthquakes. Many of these perturbations are due to human activities, including underground mining, reservoir impoundment, liquid injection and fluid extraction (e.g. hydrocarbon exploitation). Additionally, earthquakes themselves perturb the crust so as to stimulate other earthquakes or to suppress background seismicity. The causes of stimulated seismicity can be quantified in terms of at least one of the following: stress changes, pore pressure change, volume change and application or removal of a load. To illustrate these quantifications, we review a series of case histories that are intended to cover the spectrum of stimulated seismic activity from seismic events in deep hard-rock mines, for which cause and effect are well understood, to situations for which the relationship between stimulus and seismicity is tenuous, debatable or both. For each case, we classify the seismicity as either induced or triggered. The adjective „induced” applies to seismicity resulting from a substantial change in crustal stress or pore pressure from its ambient state; whereas „triggered” connotes a situation for which the crust is sufficiently close to failure state due to deep, hard-rock mining operations are generally induced; whereas, those associated with reservoir impoundment are triggered. Generally the maximum magnitudes for induced earthquakes are determined largely by the scale of the causative activity and for one type of stimulated seismicity can provide insights that apply to other types of induced or triggered events as well as to natural tectonic earthquakes. Our understanding of how both artificial and natural perturbations to the Earth’s crust control seismicity has an obvious practical importance in the exploitation of natural resources, as well as in forecasting seismic hazard associated with natural tectonic earthquakes.
date: 1997
date_type: published
publisher: Balkema
place_of_pub: Rotterdam
pagerange: 385-396
refereed: TRUE
isbn: 90 5410 8908
book_title: Rockbrust and seismicity in mines
editors_name: Lasocki, Stanislaw
editors_id: lasocki@igf.edu.pl
access_IS-EPOS: limited
owner: Publisher
citation:   McGarr, Arthur F. and Simpson, David  (1997) A broad look at induced and triggered seismicity.   In:  Rockbrust and seismicity in mines.   Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 385-396.  ISBN 90 5410 8908