@article{epos1423,
          volume = {95},
          number = {1},
           month = {February},
          author = {W. J. Arabasz and S. J. Nava and M. K. McCarter and K. L. Pankow and J. C. Pechmann and John Ake and Arthur F. McGarr},
           title = {Coal-Mining Seismicity and Ground-Shaking Hazard: A Case Study in the Trail Mountain Area, Emery County, Utah},
       publisher = {Seismological Society of America},
            year = {2005},
         journal = {Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America},
           pages = {18--30},
             url = {https://episodesplatform.eu/eprints/1423/},
        abstract = {We describe a multipart study to quantify the potential ground-shaking hazard to Joes Valley Dam, a 58-m-high earthfill dam, posed by mining-induced seismicity (MIS) from future underground coal mining, which could approach as close as {\texttt{\char126}}1 km to the dam. To characterize future MIS close to the dam, we studied MIS located {\texttt{\char126}}3-7 km from the dam at the Trail Mountain coal mine. A 12-station local seismic network (11 stations above ground, one below, combining eight triaxial accelerometers and varied velocity sensors) was operated in the Trail Mountain area from late 2000 through mid-2001 for the dual purpose of (1) continuously monitoring and locating MIS associated with longwall mining at a depth of 0.5-0.6 km and (2) recording high-quality data to develop ground-motion prediction equations for the shallow MIS. (Ground-motion attenuation relationships and moment-tensor results are reported in companion articles.) Utilizing a data set of 1913 earthquakes (M {$\leq$} 2.2), we describe space-time-magnitude distributions of the observed MIS and source-mechanism information. The MIS was highly correlated with mining activity both in space and time. Most of the better-located events have depths constrained within +-0.6 km of mine level. For the preponderance (98\%) of the 1913 located events, only dilatational P-wave first motions were observed, consistent with other evidence for implosive or collapse-type mechanisms associated with coal mining in this region. We assess a probable maximum magnitude of M 3.9 (84th percentile of a cumulative distribution) for potential MIS close to Joes Valley Dam based on both the worldwide and regional record of coal-mining-related MIS and the local geology and future mining scenarios.}
}