%A Yasuo Yabe
%A Joachim Philipp
%A Masao Nakatani
%A Gilbert Morema
%A Makoto Naoi
%A Hironori Kawakata
%A Toshihiro Igarashi
%A Georg Dresen
%A Hiroshi Ogasawara
%J Earth, Planets and Space
%T Observation of numerous aftershocks of an M w 1.9 earthquake with an AE network installed in a deep gold mine in South Africa
%X This is the first report from the JAGUARS (JApanese-German Underground Acoustic Emission Research in South Africa) project, the overall aim of which is to observe ultra-small fracturing in a more or less natural environment. We installed a local (∼40-m span) network of eight acoustic emission (AE) sensors, which have the capability to observe up to 200 kHz at a depth of 3.3 km in a South African gold mine. Our specific objective was to monitor a 30-m thick dyke that remains as a dip pillar against active mining ∼90 m above our network. An M w 1.9 earthquake whose hypocenter was ∼30 m above the network occurred in the dyke. Although the mineowned geophone (4.5 Hz) network detected only five earthquakes in the surrounding 200×200×150-m3 volume within the first 150 h following the main shock, our AE network detected more than 20,000 earthquakes in the same period. More than 13,000 of these formed a distinct planar cluster (∼100×80 m2) on which the main shock hypocenter lay, suggesting that this cluster delineates the main shock rupture plane. Most of the aftershocks were presumably very small, probably as low as M ∼ −4. The aftershock cluster dipped ∼60°. This is consistent with normal faulting under a nearly vertical compression field, as indicated by nearly horizontal breakouts found in a borehole crossing the rupture plane.
%N 10
%K Semi-controlled earthquake generation experiment,         acoustic emission, mining-induced earthquake, deep South African gold mines
        aftershocks
        main shock rupture plane
%P e49-e52
%V 61
%D 2009
%I Terra Scientific Publishing Company
%R doi:10.1186/BF03352963
%L epos1308