McGarr, Arthur F. and Simpson, David (1997) A broad look at induced and triggered seismicity. In: Rockbrust and seismicity in mines. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 385-396. ISBN 90 5410 8908
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
In contrast to the poorly-understood processes that control natural tectonic earthquakes, there are numerous better-understood perturbations to the Earth’s upper crust that also result in earthquakes. Many of these perturbations are due to human activities, including underground mining, reservoir impoundment, liquid injection and fluid extraction (e.g. hydrocarbon exploitation). Additionally, earthquakes themselves perturb the crust so as to stimulate other earthquakes or to suppress background seismicity. The causes of stimulated seismicity can be quantified in terms of at least one of the following: stress changes, pore pressure change, volume change and application or removal of a load. To illustrate these quantifications, we review a series of case histories that are intended to cover the spectrum of stimulated seismic activity from seismic events in deep hard-rock mines, for which cause and effect are well understood, to situations for which the relationship between stimulus and seismicity is tenuous, debatable or both. For each case, we classify the seismicity as either induced or triggered. The adjective „induced” applies to seismicity resulting from a substantial change in crustal stress or pore pressure from its ambient state; whereas „triggered” connotes a situation for which the crust is sufficiently close to failure state due to deep, hard-rock mining operations are generally induced; whereas, those associated with reservoir impoundment are triggered. Generally the maximum magnitudes for induced earthquakes are determined largely by the scale of the causative activity and for one type of stimulated seismicity can provide insights that apply to other types of induced or triggered events as well as to natural tectonic earthquakes. Our understanding of how both artificial and natural perturbations to the Earth’s crust control seismicity has an obvious practical importance in the exploitation of natural resources, as well as in forecasting seismic hazard associated with natural tectonic earthquakes.
| Item Type: | Book Section |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Inducing technology > Reservoir impoundment Methodology > Method and procesing |
| Project: | IS-EPOS project |